文章阅读 点击： 2019-06-30
While women have for centuries been labelled as the weaker sex, new research suggests the truth is quite the opposite.
据英国《每日电讯报》9月28日报道，几世纪以来，女性都被打上弱势性别的标签，但一项新研究表明，事实可能正好相反。
According to a study, the fairer sex is genetically programmed to better resist infections and cancer, and also have a back-up system for fighting disease.
根据该研究，女性基因更能有效抵抗传染病和癌症，同时其基因还具备一套抵御疾病的支持体系。
The discovery sheds light on why members of the so-called stronger sex succumb to "man-flu".
这一发现解释了所谓的强势性别——男人总易患流感的原因。
The reason why women are more robust appears to be microRNAs - short strands of RNA encoded on the chromosome, scientists believe. RNA is a genetic cousin of DNA and can have important biological effects.
科学家认为，女性更健康的原因可能在于微RNA(核糖核酸)，它是染色体上RNA编码的短片段。而RNA是DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)的基因表亲，具有重要的生物学效应。
The microRNAs have the effect of "silencing" immunity genes on X-chromosome, according to the new research. This leaves men at a disadvantage since they only have one X chromosome. Women have two, so that even when immunity genes are silenced on one the other can compensate. So man's immune systems are no match for those of wives and girlfriends.
根据这项新研究，微RNA具有“屏蔽”X染色上的免疫基因的效果。这使只有一条X染色体的男性处于不利地位，而女性拥有两条，所以即使一条上的免疫基因不能发挥作用，另一条上的也能起到弥补作用。所以，男性的免疫系统无法与他们妻子和女朋友的匹敌。
Study leader Dr Claude Libert, from Ghent University in Belgium, said: "Statistics show that in humans, as with other mammals, females live longer than males and are more able to fight off shock episodes from sepsis, infection or trauma. We believe this is due to the X chromosome. "
来自比利时根特大学的研究领导者克劳德·力博特博士说：“数据表明，在人类和其他哺乳动物中，女性寿命更长，更能抵御因败血症发作引起的休克、感染病和创伤。我们认为这可以归因于X染色体。”
From a biological point of view, the difference has probably evolved because women are more likely to ensure the survival of the species. They need to be able to resist infection when pregnant and when nuturing a child.
从生物学角度来说，这种差异的演化可能是出于女性更有可能确保种族生存。她们需要在怀孕和养育子女的时具备抵御传染的能力。
The research is published today in the journal BioEssays.
该研究发表在今日(28日)的《生物》杂志上。
Young women put off starting a family for fear it will damage their looks, career and lifestyle
A generation of young women have been putting off starting a family because it will damage their lifestyle, career and looks, a survey shows.
调查显示，英国年轻女性一代推迟生育是因为生小孩会影响她们的生活方式、职业生涯和外貌。
One in three childless women quizzed now say they don't ever want to become a mother while increasing numbers of thirty-somethings in stable relationships and with good jobs have different priorities.
现在有1/3无子女的受访女性称她们永远也不想当妈妈，而越来越多感情关系稳定并拥有好工作的三十多岁的女性则把其他事情看得比生育更重要。
Almost half would rather get on the property ladder than have a baby while 28 percent would prefer a ￡100,000 salary, according to a poll of 2,000 women.
根据一项涵盖了2000名女性的调查，近半数女性宁愿要更多的房产而不是要小孩，28%的女性比起要小孩更想要10万英镑的年薪。
The Grazia magazine report commissioned to coincide with the release of Sarah Jessica Parker's latest film I Don't Know How She Does It uncovered a whole new tribe dubbed the 'I Don't Know Why She Does It' generation.
《Grazia》杂志委托开展的这一调查发布时，恰逢莎拉杰西卡帕克的最新电影《我不知道她怎么办到的》上映。该片展示了一个全新的族群，号称“我不知道她为什么要这么做”一代。
The film portrays the life of a high-flying professional woman Kate Reddy, who also looks after two children in the evening and is happily married to an out-of-work architect.
这部电影描绘了成功的职业女性凯特蕾迪的生活，她晚上要照顾两个小孩，而且还和一位失业的建筑师拥有美满的婚姻。
Childless women just aren't willing to make the sacrifices they now see are necessary for motherhood with 44 percent feeling sorry for working mums struggling to have it all, the survey said.
调查称，无子女的女性就是不愿做出那些在她们现在看来为人母所需做出的牺牲，44%的人很同情那些艰辛地两头奔忙的职场母亲们。
A quarter think working mothers always look exhausted and one in five say it looks so difficult it makes them think twice about having children.
1/4的受访女性认为职场母亲看起来总是一副精疲力尽的样子，1/5的女性说，做职场母亲看起来很难，这让她们在要小孩这个事情上犹豫再三。
Half of childless women over 30 look at stay-at-home mothers and think it will be difficult for them to get back on the career ladder and a fifth believe they've lost their identity.
半数年过三十的无子女的女性认为全职妈妈难以重回职场，1/5的女性认为她们已经失去了自己的身份。
Body issues are also a factor with three in ten worried about the effect pregnancy would have on their appearance.
形体问题也是她们担心的一个方面，十分之三的受访女性担心怀孕会对她们的容貌产生影响。
Almost a third think having a baby would make them less body confident while almost one in three mothers miss their pre-baby figure and feel judged by society thanks to coverage of glamorous celebrity mums.
近1/3的人认为生小孩会让她们对自己的身材失去信心。近1/3的妈妈们怀念她们生育前的身材，看着镜头前那些光彩照人的明星妈妈们，感觉社会也投来了指摘的目光。
Four in ten childless women say they're not ready to give up their lifestyle - and a quarter still feel too young for a child.
十分之四的无子女的女性说她们还没准备好放弃自己的生活方式，四分之一的女性觉得自己还很年轻，不到要小孩的时候。
Meanwhile 26 percent admit they are fearful of the effect motherhood would have on their career.
与此同时，26%的女性承认她们害怕养育儿女会影响职业生涯。
Almost half think having a child would make them poorer and over half say they couldn't afford a baby even if they wanted one.
近半数的女性认为要小孩会让她们变穷，超过半数的女性说就算她们想要小孩，也养不起。
The survey also identifies a rise in the 'emotionally infertile' - childless women who feel they have left it too late to have a baby with women admitting they put their career first or they didn't meet the right man.
调查还发现，越来越多的女性有“不育情绪”，即那些无子女的女性觉得自己耽误了要小孩的时机，她们承认自己过去将事业放在首位或没有遇到对的人。
英国一家百货商店新近调查显示，英国女性对大号鞋的需求在不断增加，而同时很多女性又羞于让别人看到自己的“大脚”。
“大脚”问题日益困扰英国女性
Bigger feet a growing shoe problem for UK women
英国一家百货商店新近调查显示，英国女性对大号鞋的需求在不断增加，而同时很多女性又羞于让别人看到自己的“大脚”。在受访的1000名穿8号鞋的女性中，有82％表示因为脚大而觉得不好意思，超过半数的人承认在商店买鞋时让售货员拿大号的鞋会很尴尬。该调查报告指出，过去十年间，英国女性的平均鞋码已加大到6号（相当于国内的40号），而9号女鞋的需求量则增加了80％。有专家表示，女性的鞋码变大并不是因为脚变长了，而是她们的脚变宽了，女性平均体重增加可能是导致这一结果的主要原因。
Demand for larger shoe sizes is growing among women -- but big-footed females are ashamed of stepping out in their shoes, according to a survey by British department store Debenhams.
The study questioned 1,000 women with size eight (U.S. 10.5) or nine feet about their shoe buying, with 82 percent admitting they are ashamed of their shoe size.
Over half of the women said asking the shop assistant for their size was the part of shoe-shopping they found most uncomfortable, and 36 percent said they hated taking their shoes off in public.
"Buying shoes online can be a tricky feat which is why we decided to ask women why they were shopping behind closed doors. We were surprised to learn a case of cold feet was behind it all," Carie Barkhuizen, Debenhams spokeswoman, said in a statement.
The problem is not uncommon as average female shoe size has increased to a size six over the last 10 years, and demand for size nines has triggered an 80 percent increase in stocks at the department store, Debenhams reports.
The change is attributed to women's feet becoming broader rather than longer - experts believe this may be due to an increase in average body weight.
But big is not necessarily bad, as shoemakers begin to adapt fashionable show designs for larger feet, with celebrities Nicole Kidman, Michelle Obama and Paris Hilton sporting larger footwear on the red carpet.
"High fashion shoes such as stilettos in larger sizes have to be made much stronger with sturdier load bearing points, able to cope with greater levels of stress and wear," Barkhuizen. "The materials and techniques now available means that the majority of shoes can made strong and comfortable enough in larger sizes which would have been unimaginable just 10 years ago."
最近一项研究证实，现在的妈妈们会从自己的女儿那里寻求时尚和打扮的灵感。
英中年女性模仿女儿时尚装扮似姐妹
30 going on 13: How mothers copy their daughters' fashion
Carole Middleton, Sarah Ferguson and Demi Moore could often be mistaken for their daughters. From their trendy clothing to their groomed tresses the similarities are uncanny.
人们常把卡罗尔米德尔顿、莎拉菲戈斯、黛米摩尔误认成她们的女儿。不管是她们时尚流行的穿着，还是精心修饰的长发，都和女儿们有惊人的相似。
Now a study confirms that mothers today look to their daughters for fashion and beauty inspiration.
最近一项研究证实，现在的妈妈们会从自己的女儿那里寻求时尚和打扮的灵感。
Researchers from Temple University, Philadelphia also say that children - although they might appear to act older than their years - are far less likely to take style notes from their parents.
同时，费城天普大学的研究者们还称，虽然孩子们的举止可能会显得比实际年龄成熟些，但是他们却不太会听取父母给他们的着装建议。
Coined as 'reverse socialisation', many middle-aged women are becoming 'consumer dopplegangers' striving to regain their youthful appearance as they buy into the same products as their offspring.
很多中年女性现在变成了“影子消费者”，她们购买和女儿一样的东西，努力重拾自己的年轻美貌，这种现象被称为“逆社会化”。
Journalist Amanda Platell commented that it is a pattern that has become more noticable in recent years, with high fashion becoming more accessible on the high street.
记者阿曼达普莱特尔评论道，最近这些年来，人们从商业街上能更容易地买到各种高级时装，这种行为模式也越来越引人注意。
'The trend for good-looking mothers to compete with their daughters in the glamour stakes seems to be creeping into all sections of society.
“漂亮妈妈和女儿们比拼魅力的潮流，似乎正在潜进社会的各个阶层。
'It's known as the 15/50 phenomenon — because the woman may look like a teenager from behind, but she is decidedly middle-aged from the front.'
“于是出现了所谓的15/50现象——背后看上去像是十多岁的小女孩，正面看才知道是如假包换的中年人。
Researchers questioned 343 mother and daughter pairings, with an average age of 44 for mums and 16 for the daughter.
研究者们访问了343对母女，母亲们的平均年龄是44岁，女儿们的平均年龄是16岁。
It discovered that if a mum is young at heart and fashion conscious she is more likely to view her daughter as a style expert and copy her.
研究发现，那些心态年轻、爱赶时髦的妈妈们更可能将自己的女儿视为时尚达人，然后模仿她的风格。
Dr Ayalla Ruvio, of Temple University, Philadelphia, said: 'This finding provides initial support for the notion of reverse socialization and suggests that the impact adolescents have on their parents is much more profound than has been credited to them.'
费城天普大学的阿亚拉卢维欧博士说：“这一研究结果为逆社会化概念提供了初步的支持，它表明，青少年对其父母的影响，远比人们之前认为的更加深远。”
减肥失败的人们早就怀疑：胖人真的减不了肥。
越减越肥？多数女性减肥后体重反弹
Once you're fat, you never go back: Scientists say dieters' bodies rarely return to their former shape
It is what failed dieters have long suspected: fat people really can't keep the weight off.
减肥失败的人们早就怀疑：胖人真的减不了肥。
Scientists have confirmed that the majority of overweight people who try to lose weight either by cutting calories or exercising will return to their former size.
科学家日前证实，绝大多数尝试节食或运动减肥的肥胖人群体重都会反弹。
Fewer than 10 percent of the 12million Britons who go on a diet each year succeed in losing significant amounts of weight and most of those who do put it all back on again within a year.
在英国每年的1200万节食减肥人群中，只有不到10%能成功减去大量体重，而其中绝大多数人会在一年内反弹。
The study of 25,000 people provides further evidence of the prevalence of 'yo-yo dieting' where slimmers get into a cycle of losing weight and regaining it.
该研究进一步印证了“溜溜球节食效应”的流行，它是指减肥者陷入反复减肥的恶性循环。共有2.5万人参与了此项调查。
The scientists, from the Medical Research Council's National Survey of Health and Development, have concluded it is better to avoid getting fat in the first place.
医学研究理事会国家卫生与发展调查机构的科学家得出结论，最好从开始就不要长胖。
They followed 5,362 men and women from their birth in 1946 and 20,000 from birth in 1958, measuring their weight and blood pressure and assessing their lifestyles. The researchers found both groups began gaining weight in the 1980s and have steadily increased in size ever since.
受访者中有5362人于1946年出生，另有两万人于1958年出生，研究人员自其出生后就开始跟踪调查，包括测量体重、血压，并评估他们的生活方式。研究发现，两组人群都在20世纪80年代开始增重，且此后体重持续增加。
Dr Rebecca Hardy, the council's programme leader on body size, said: 'Once people become overweight, they continue relentlessly upwards. They hardly ever go back down.
理事会体型研究项目负责人丽贝卡哈代博士说：“人们一旦超重，就会不可收拾地胖下去。很难瘦回来。”
'A few lose weight but very few get back to normal. The best policy is to prevent people becoming overweight.
“有些人可以减掉一些体重，但很少有人减到正常。最好的办法就是从开始就不要长胖。”
'For men [weight] goes up steadily through life. For women it starts slowly and accelerates in the mid-thirties.'
“对男性而言，年龄越大体重越高。而女性体重则是一开始增长较慢，到35岁，体重才加速增长。”
But the study's findings do not mean dieting is pointless, as eating less and taking more exercise can increase fitness and lower blood pressure.
但该研究并不意味着减肥无用，因为少吃多运动能促进健康，并降低血压。
对着相机，她可能还面带微笑；不过把刚照的照片拿给她看，她大概就会紧皱眉头了。
半数女性讨厌看自己的照片
Camera shy: Half of women 'hate' looking at themselves in photographs
She may smile for the camera, but it will turn to a frown the moment you show her the picture you've taken.
对着相机，她可能还面带微笑；不过把刚照的照片拿给她看，她大概就会紧皱眉头了。
Half of women are so critical of their appearance that they 'hate' looking at photographs of themselves, a study has found.
一项研究发现，半数女性对自己的外貌过于挑剔，甚至都不愿意看自己的照片。
And three-quarters are self-conscious enough to try to avoid appearing in snaps altogether.
四分之三的女性对自己的外貌很不自信，干脆就尽量不拍照。
When they do brave the camera lens, women's most common complaint is that they don't like their smile.
当她们终于鼓起勇气面对镜头时，我们最常听见的抱怨就是她们不喜欢自己的笑容。
A third grumble that their teeth aren't white enough and a quarter worry that they're wonky.
三分之一的人嫌自己的牙不够白，四分之一的人担心自己站得不直。
A total of 14 percent moan about the 'smile lines' on their faces.
14%的女性会哀叹自己脸上的笑纹。
Even once the smile is out of the picture, they are likely to lament having their eyes closed or feeling embarrassed by their outfit.
就算笑容没有问题，她们仍然会为照相时眼睛闭上了而感到惋惜，或为自己的装扮感到尴尬。
Many women fear the pictures will attract catty comments if they appear on social networking websites such as Facebook.
还有很多女性，害怕自己的照片出现在Facebook这类社交网站上后会得到尖刻的评论。
And even on what is supposed to be the happiest day of their lives, 36 percent of brides feel anxious about being the focus of so much photographic attention.
即使是在一生中最快乐的时刻——婚礼上，成为众多摄像镜头竞相捕捉的焦点也会让36%的新娘感到焦虑。
But despite the fairer sex's insecurities, men said the first thing that attracted them to a woman was her smile, according to the survey by Macleans toothpaste.
但是麦克林斯牙膏公司开展的这项调查显示，尽管许多女人对自己的笑容缺乏信心，但对男人而言，女人的微笑却是最先吸引他们的地方。
Celebrity photographer Daniel Kennedy, who has shot stars including Angelina Jolie and Thandie Newton, advised self-conscious women: 'Try to enjoy yourself. A natural smile that goes through to the eyes is far more attractive than a fake one.
丹尼尔肯尼迪是著名的摄影师，曾经为安吉丽娜朱莉和桑迪纽顿等明星拍过照片。他给那些缺乏自信的女人们提的建议是：“试着去欣赏自己。眼含笑意的自然微笑比假笑要有魅力多了。
'Keep your chin down and look up through your eyelashes for a face-slimming look that enhances your cheekbones.'
“下巴放低，眼睛透过睫毛向上看，这样能够突出颧骨，脸看起来也比较纤瘦。”
伙计们，如果你正打算和自己的妻子或女友夏天外出度假，请注意了：机票和旅馆费可能是度假花费中最便宜的部分。
中年女性度假时买衣服花费最多
Women spend more on holiday outfits than trip
Chaps, if you’re planning a summer getaway with the lady in your life, be warned – the flights and hotels may be the cheapest part.
伙计们，如果你正打算和自己的女人夏天外出度假，请注意了：机票和旅馆费可能是度假花费中最便宜的部分。
Four out of five women over 50 spend more on their holiday clothes than on the trip itself, a study has found.
一项调查发现，年过五十的女性外出度假时，五分之四的人花在假日服装上的钱比旅费更多。
The research, by Which magazine, found that around 85 percent of women aged over 50 plan on spending over ￡1,000 on their entire summer holiday wardrobe, often more than they paid for the actual trip. The average holiday abroad costs ￡677 per person.
《Which》杂志做的调查发现，约85%的年过五十的女性计划今年夏天度假时在衣服上花费至少1000英镑，这些花费通常要高过旅费本身。出国旅游人均花费是677英镑。
Research into 50-something women by online retailer isme.com also found that while 54 percent take up to 10 individual outfits, 96 percent crammed in five pairs of shoes into their jam-packed suitcases.
此外，网上零售商isme.com对五十多岁的女性的调查发现，54%的人在外出度假时会带上至少10套衣服行头，而96%的人会往鼓鼓囊囊的行李箱中塞进5双鞋子。
A further 91 percent haul an average of five handbags with them on seven-day trip - yet 65 percent of ladies only wear half of what they pack.
还有91%的人在7天的旅程中会带着5个左右的手提包，不过65%的女性只穿了行李中的一半衣物。
The overpacking and excessive spending, according to adult psychologist, Susan Quilliam, is the need to boost confidence when hitting the beach or enjoying a night out.
成人心理学家苏珊奎利姆说，往行李中放太多衣物和过度消费是因为女人们在去海滩或夜晚出游时需要借此来提升自己的自信心。
Regular BBC Woman's Hour psychologist Quilliam said: 'While mature women may effortlessly balance work and family life for 50 weeks of the year, when it comes to holidays even the most self-aware women may find their confidence slipping.
奎利姆说：“也许熟龄女性能够在一年当中的50周都能轻松地取得工作和家庭生活之间的平衡，但是在外出度假时就算是再自信的女人可能也会觉得底气不足。”奎利姆也是BBC节目“女性时光”长期聘用的心理学家。
'Shedding layers and revealing what's underneath can make mature women feel vulnerable.
“脱去一层层的衣物，裸露身体，会让熟龄女性觉得很弱势。
'Surrounded by toned and tanned perfect beach bodies, a mature woman can lose confidence, making her feel insecure and unloved.
“当沙滩上到处都是健美的、古铜肤色的身体时，熟龄女性会失去自信，产生不安全感，觉得自己无人爱慕。
'It's clear from the findings that a woman's answer is very practical - to make sure that she has every advantage when it comes to what she wears on holiday.
“从调查结果来看，女人的答案显然都很实际，度假时穿的衣服一定要充分凸显自己的优势。
'She needs clothes and accessories that flatter, show off her good points and make her feel great about herself.'
“她们需要让自己看起来漂亮的衣服和配饰，展示自己的优点，让自已感觉很棒。”
The research for isme.com was carried out online by One Poll in May 2011 amongst a panel resulting in 1,000 UK women over 50.
零售商isme.com的这一调查是由调查公司One Poll于2011年5月在网上开展的，调查对象涵盖了1000名年过五十的英国女性。
It found nearly half (48 percent) splurge on more clothes while on their break as their own doesn't fit or 'isn't me', with one in three (36 percent) spending an additional ￡50 on new items while away from home.
调查发现，近半数（48%）被调查女性会在假期大把花钱买衣服，理由是自己的衣服不合身或“和自己不搭”，其中三分之一（36%）的人还会在外出度假时多花50英镑用于购置新衣物。